Which modern belief is best illustrated by the Classical School of criminology?

The Classical School of criminology is fundamentally grounded in the belief in rational choice and the idea that individuals have the capacity to make decisions based on free will. It emphasizes the importance of due process, suggesting that rights and protections must be upheld within the legal system to ensure fairness and justice for individuals accused of crimes. This perspective asserts that laws are set to provide a framework for both punishment and rehabilitation, underscoring the principle that everyone deserves a fair trial and the opportunity to confront evidence against them. This aligns closely with the belief in due process, where legal procedures must be followed to uphold individuals' rights.

Modern beliefs such as justice through community service, biological determinism, and restorative justice do not primarily reflect the Classical School’s focus on rationality and due process. Community service may relate more to rehabilitative and restorative approaches to justice, while biological determinism suggests predispositions to crime based on genetic factors, which contrasts with the emphasis on free will in the Classical perspective. Restorative justice focuses on repairing harm and restoring relationships rather than following strict legal processes, which is more aligned with perspectives developed later in criminology. Thus, the belief in due process of law best captures the essence of the Classical School's focus on structured legal rights and the rational